Eight Ore to Concentrate and Metal
Mineral processing, mineral beneficiation, or upgradation
involves handling three number one forms of ROM fabric, that have been blasted,
fragmented, and brought out from an in situ function. These substances can be
used at once or with the aid of simple or complicated processing and even by
applying extractive metallurgy like hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgicaltechniques. The classes are:
Rocks: Granites, marble, limestone, constructing stones,
sand, coal, and clays.
Industrial minerals: Quartz, diamond, gemstones, fluorite,
apatite, zircon, garnet, vermiculite, barite, and wollastonite.
The metalliferous deposits: Gold, platinum, chromite,
chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, bauxite, hematite, and magnetite.
The journey from ROM ore to concentrate and finally steel
travels through many operations of liberation, separation, attention, and
extraction before it reaches the end customers. These activities had been
diagrammatically summarized in Figs. 13.Fifty three and 13.54. A panoramic view
of State of the Art zinc and lead smelting is depicted in Fig. Thirteen.55.
S.K. Haldar, in Mineral Exploration, 2013
12.7 Ore to Concentrate and Metal
Mineral processing or mineral beneficiation or upgradation
includes handling of three primary forms of ROM ore cloth which has been
blasted, fragmented and taken out from in situ role. These materials may be
used directly or by using simple or complex processing and even making use of
extractive metallurgy like hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical techniques.
The classes are as follows:
Rocks which include granites, marble, limestone, building
stones, sand, coal and clays,
Industrial minerals like quartz, diamond, gems, fluorite,
apatite, zircon, garnet, vermiculite, barite, wollastonite, and
Metalliferous deposits having numerous steel content like in
gold, platinum, chromite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, bauxite, hematite,
magnetite, etc.
The adventure from ROM ore to pay attention and in the end
to steel has been conceptualized. The various unit operations used for
liberation, separation, awareness and extraction were discussed within the
preceding pages of this bankruptcy. The activities and the everyday sequence of
operations in the procedure plant had been diagrammatically summarized in Fig.
12.Fifty four.
Errol G. Kelly, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology
(Third Edition), 2003
VI The Mineral Processing Plant
Most mineral processing plant life are represented by way of
the waft sheet shown in Fig. 11. Simpler operations, consisting of a quarry
generating mixture, could contain handiest the preliminary stages of size
discount. Conversely, a more complicated plant, producing a number of
concentrates, requires a series of concentrating circuits.
A variety of levels of crushing are normally necessary due
to the low reduction ratio in such system. Screens are traditional between
crushers to bypass cloth already of product length.
Rod and ball mills have larger reduction ratios. Because rod
turbines offer some inner sizing motion, they are usually operated in open
circuit. There is an increasing tendency to apply an additional stage of
crushing instead of a rod mill because crushers are greater energy green.
Wet ball turbines are typically operated in closed circuit
to control the product size distribution. At those exceptional sizes, simplest
classifiers have sufficiently excessive capacities. Because in their low fee,
hydrocyclone classifiers are truly constantly used. Unfortunately, they can be
very inefficient; no longer most effective do they've the inherently spread
overall performance curve of a sedimentation classifier, but at the high pulp
Figure 11 Representation of mineral processing circuit. Densities used,
bypassing markedly lowers the efficiency. Two-stage category is step by step
being adopted, with lately advanced polyurethane and sandwich display surfaces
being capability options
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